Step-by-Step Guide to Market Analysis for Business

Editor: Arshita Tiwari on Jul 25,2025

 

If you’re building something worth selling, you better know who you’re selling it to, what they need, and what your competition is doing about it. That’s exactly what a market analysis for business is all about. It’s not just a section in your business plan; it’s the lens that brings your entire strategy into focus.

A proper market analysis cuts through the noise. It tells you where your audience is, how they think, what drives their decisions, and why they might choose someone else over you. For startups, it’s the foundation you build everything on—product, pricing, positioning, and pitch. For established businesses, it’s how you stay sharp and relevant. This guide breaks down how to do market analysis, step by step, without the fluff or filler.

How to Do a Market Analysis for Your Business Step by Step

Here’s how to do market analysis that actually helps you grow.

Step 1: Get Clear on Why You’re Doing This

Before you pull stats or create buyer personas, know what you're solving for. Are you launching a new product? Pitching to investors? Repositioning your brand? The answer shapes your entire analysis.

Start by defining:

  • Your market scope - industry, geography, and audience
  • Your goals - validating an idea, identifying trends, beating competitors

This is especially critical in market research for startups, where every move counts and budgets are tight.

Step 2: Understand the Industry You're Playing In

This is where business market research comes into play. Start with secondary research. Dig into reports, trade journals, census data, and analyst insights. You’re looking for:

  • Market size: Total addressable market, and the share you realistically want to own
  • Growth rate: Is this space booming, stable, or shrinking?
  • Trends: What’s changing in tech, culture, or policy that could impact your business?

You don’t need to overanalyze. Just look at the big-picture forces moving your industry.

Also Read: Learn How to Launch a Business Startup: Key Steps

Step 3: Zoom In on Your Target Audience

Target Audience icons

Now we’re talking about real people. This step is where generic fluff dies and smart positioning begins.

Break your market into segments based on:

  • Demographics: Age, gender, income, job title
  • Psychographics: Beliefs, habits, values, pain points
  • Behavior: Where they shop, what they search, how they decide

Craft a few buyer personas that feel like actual humans. Not "Susan the Soccer Mom," but someone you'd genuinely know. This keeps your messaging, pricing, and offer relevant.

A proper market analysis for business digs deeper than surface-level stats. It shows you where demand lives and how you can meet it.

Step 4: Size It Up

This is where a lot of startups either overpromise or underprepare.

Use the TAM-SAM-SOM model:

  • TAM (Total Addressable Market): If everyone in the world who could buy your product did.
  • SAM (Serviceable Available Market): The chunk of TAM that your product actually targets.
  • SOM (Serviceable Obtainable Market): The portion you can realistically convert.

For market research for startups, SOM is your truth. It tells you whether your numbers are based on ambition or actual demand.

Step 5: Watch Your Competition Like a Hawk

Here comes the competitive market analysis. No more guessing or assuming. Find out who else is out there and what they’re doing.

List direct competitors (same audience, same solution) and indirect ones (solving the same problem differently).

Analyze:

  • Their pricing and positioning
  • What customers love or hate about them (read reviews, forums, Reddit threads)
  • Their market share, social media presence, SEO rankings

Then, get tactical. Use a simple SWOT chart:

  • Strengths (yours vs. theirs)
  • Weaknesses (same)
  • Opportunities (underserved segments, trends they missed)
  • Threats (emerging tech, big players entering the space)

A solid business analysis example here can be comparing your brand to a well-known player and showing what gap you're filling.

Step 6: Learn How (and Why) People Buy

It’s not enough to know your audience. You need to understand how they move from pain point to purchase.

Your business market research here should answer:

  • Where do they look for solutions? (Google? Instagram? Their cousin?)
  • What makes them hesitate?
  • What’s their budget?
  • What would make them switch from a competitor to you?

Don’t guess. Survey them. Interview them. Test headlines and offers. Real data beats assumptions every single time.

Step 7: Make It Make Sense

By now you have a lot of data. Your job? Turn that chaos into clarity.

Organize your insights into:

  • Market size & growth potential
  • Target audience profiles
  • Competitor landscape
  • Key trends
  • Gaps in the market

This is where a business analysis example really helps: lay out what you found and what you’re going to do about it.

Step 8: Apply the Analysis to Your Strategy

If all that research doesn’t influence your actions, it’s wasted effort. A great market analysis for business directly shapes how you:

  • Position your brand (what makes you the better option)
  • Set prices (based on value, not vibes)
  • Choose channels (where your audience actually is)
  • Plan promotions (when and how to hit them with offers)
  • Refine your product or service (based on feedback, not founder fantasy)

And if you're early-stage, this is what turns a napkin idea into a plan investors take seriously.

Bonus: Tools That Make Your Life Easier

You don’t need to build everything from scratch. These help:

  • Google Trends (for search interest)
  • Statista (for industry reports)
  • SEMrush or Ahrefs (to analyze competitors)
  • SurveyMonkey or Typeform (to run customer surveys)
  • SimilarWeb (to see competitor traffic)

No matter the tool, your thinking matters more than your tech.

You may also like: Core Competencies in Business

Final Thoughts

A market analysis for business isn't just a checkbox in your business plan. It’s your reality check. It tells you if your idea has legs, where to run, and who you're up against.

The key to learning how to do market analysis is to stay curious, challenge your own assumptions, and let real-world insights guide your next move.

Whether you're knee-deep in market research for startups or refining a growing brand, your edge comes from knowing the field better than anyone else.

And the businesses that win? They’re not guessing. They’re watching, listening, and always evolving.


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